Solar panels work by converting sunlight into electricity through a process called the photovoltaic effect. Here's an explanation of how solar panels generate electricity:
Photons Absorption: When sunlight hits the solar panels, the panels' photovoltaic cells absorb the photons (particles of light) from the sunlight.
Electron Excitation: The absorbed photons transfer their energy to the electrons in the photovoltaic cells, causing the electrons to become energized and enter an excited state.
Electron Flow: The energized electrons then flow through the cell's semiconductor material, creating a direct current (DC) of electricity.
Electrical Conductors: Metal conductive plates on the sides of the cells collect the flowing electrons and channel them into electrical conductors. These conductors form an electrical circuit within the solar panel.
Electricity Output: The electrical conductors collect the DC electricity from the solar cells and transfer it to the solar inverter, where the direct current is converted into alternating current (AC). AC is the type of electricity used in most households and can be used to power various appliances and devices.
Utilization of Grid Connection: The AC electricity generated by the solar panels can either be used immediately to power the home's electrical devices or can be sent to the electrical grid. If the solar panels produce more electricity than the home consumes, the excess power is fed back into the grid, and the homeowner may receive credits or compensation for the surplus energy.
